Hydrocarbon burner



Au -2s, 1923. 3,466,186

C. H. PlDGEON HYDROCARBON BURNER Filed Aug. 5, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,JEJ

/ I J5 A:

c. H. ansaaaw HYDROCARBON BURNER Aug. 28, 1923.

3 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed A1112. 5 1920 Aug. 23, 1923.

C. H. PIDGEQN HYDROCARBON BURNER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 3 1920 Patented Aug. 23, 2923.

HYDRGGAREGN BUREQ" Application filed august To (ii whom it may concern:

lie '11; known that Cursono ill-inn; Floor-10m a citizen of the lnucd States,

residing at Columbus. in the couniy of Franklin and Shite of Ohio, has invented certain new and useful Illl}')lOVll'lBlli.S in llyilrocarhon Burners, oi which the ioilov ing a specification,

This invention rclsics to improvements in 'drocarhon burners, and has for its ohject provide in cinnbination with such hurners an improved apparatus having ica'iurcs of construction cinhodicd therein for effecting the preheating of the air and i'uci prior to the interiminglin; and combustion of she latter, to secure complete combustion of such. fuel by effectively gusifying or aisomizing the fuel stream, and to construct the apps ratus so that any suitable fuel such fuel oil, distillates, for, gas, powdered coal and. other liquid, powdered and gaseous fuels may be efficiently utilized.

With these and other objects in view, as will appear thedescri 'rtion proceeds, the invention accordingly consisi's in the novel features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangements of poi-cs after to he fully described and pointed out in the appended claims win the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which similar characters of reference denoce lilac and corresponding parts:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional View taken through the burner apparatus comprisi one of the preferred forms of the invention Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view takcn through the apparatus on the plane disclosed by the line 2-.-2-of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a, rear elevation of ihe apps rains;

Figure 4- is a vertical Sfifi'iZlOIlill View taken through a slightly modified form of the up paratus and disclosing more particularly a burner structure capable of utilizing gascous. powdered or liquid fuels.

Figure 5 is a similar VlQW disclosing a, further modification, and,

Figure 6 is a similar View disclosing a, still further modified form of the apparatus In the form. of the invention disclosed in F igurcs 1 to 3, the numeral 1 designates ihe side wall of a furnace setting which as usual, is formed from a refractory material and is provided with outer metallic plats 2. Formed in the Wall 1 is a burner openhoreinwas. sin-is: no. scenes.

ing 3 in which is adopisd he sitiuzicd ll improved burner apparatus 4 comprisin dis present. hireniion.

[is showni the upon-sins is designed io he emplmcdfin conneciion with 1 "uel injector 5, which is situated exl'cri y oi the sctiir 2 so limit an air a will he provided heir-seen the cud Hie sfruo ilurc 5 and line uppnrslzus n pcrmil s she nir lo hs er inn fool ssrscn ,sjccied and to psrmifiof the int X'Hii 'u'hilc passing: hrough ii? This co n-limos only has i sui'cshlc mslizil such For cxs iunic as niclu cost instul or other high heat "'esissin z ninierisl and is PiZfQZfllilj, o iznc circular (30X!- struciion shun-n in Figu 52 and i fhis sppnrcius or casing. or hollow formation and embodies inner vaporizing, zil'oinizing: and comh sl'ion chamber 6 and an unnulur air prehcciing chamber 7. The wall of the chamber 3 is of suhsizuil'inlly hollow funnel shaped configznrziiion and has its szriallcr end situs'lcd so as to converge into the entrance opcni'ng 8 provided in ihc plain Q, llhereforc" h hhc provision of ihc open: ing 8, fuel dclircr'ce l iron} tho? fuel inicctor o will he iseeivcd"i'vithin the chamber 6 for purposes of lhi ughly mixing ills "Fuel Wiih suitable quzinii of air so to insure cfil cienl; and eliccii've 'coml'mstion with )1) a minimum of fuel lossdue to uncarlmretcd .iuel. l l

To ihisend, there n'iounied 'ii iihin the elmmhcr (1 n vaporizing clement{9, which clcmcnt in lhis instance is of hollow. conical form and is formed ""on'i any SHli-Rblfi heat (-onducii n n'ictul, rho opeof tho element 9; hcin silunl'ed toward thuironfi or outer portion of the chamber (:3 so as lo ha in a position in inicrccpt and sprem. the fuel sirezim delivcrcd from the injector 5, flhc larger or hose end of theelcment f is situated so as to project into the, inferior l0 oftihe fi'irimcc in order thatwhen in operation, the base end of .lhe vaporizing clement nlay roccive the benefit of the heat within ihel'urnaoo, and to enable the heatreccived therefrom to he therefore rapidly transmitted to the forward portion of the vaporizing elcmcnt and to ihei'clgy effect the heating of the entire eleincur, the coolest portion thereof being disposed tow-2rd the forward end oi thc chamher 6 and the hottest portion ("hereof oward the interior of the furnace. Prcforably, the

ouler sin-fairs of eloroenr, Ll is provided with a series of annular steps 11 \vliioh prosent uneven suraees to ie passage of the si'i'eam, and in far-r serve to arrest the. flow of tho fuel streann in order iihat (he fuel particles may he salriotrlierl to lihe hear (he 3 rlomenl. and lo therein. Vilpfliflii or render morn rolal'ile l'he fuel par'l'iirlos, and to thereby rnahle such particles to ho con'nningled with the air or-oxygen lied therewith and passing" lhrough hamber (i. it will he seen that the Viv porizing elemenl' oil'irs a series of sl'eps or projeeiions in (lirpalh oi the fuel slream 1ou'a i. the furnace whirh steps ull'onl'ivrly artlio nninlorrupled travel or passage of the fuel stroam and servo to break down the heavy romposilion oi lzalior a.n-'

i to vaoriae or gasi ly the l uul stream. Therefore,

. to employ cheap or low grade. fuel in connection Willi llu: burner and yet so socure oliioienl results and high romperatures. Also, iho elomonf El is provided with a series 0'? longihidinally extending .adial grooves 12, in which the Fuel may be rollecred and. forced rearwarilly by the incoming; fuel pres sure lowarrl the furnace. Grooves of this nati'ire are provided in The wall of lho chamber 6 and are indicated by the nunioral l3. lly their inclusion the fuel permuted 1o collect therein and in travel longitudh ually-ol' the atomizingr ehamher. ll hen under actual conditions oi operal'ion, lhorear end of the vaporizingolenionr. 9 becomes highly healed hy reason oi (he faclfihat the same ox'lends within llio furnace. l'iloat from this end of the element is pormii-ied in travel for "dly or longitudinally thereof, heating portionsol the elmuent adjacent to the base end oi the lailier. When li-lio vaporized fuel comes info Conrail with l'hese highly heated portions of the vaporizing element, a. kindling temperature is reached which causes the combustion of him vaporized gases.

To ellect ifho niouni'ing" of the elomont 9, (he rear wall oi the apparatus 4 is provided wii'h a pair of" spaced inlogral lugs Pl. in. whirh is pivoted a. rurrcd arm Il'llnll'flll 1:"), said arm memi'ior being "Formed lo inolurle a ronirally disposed hoss l6, from Whirh oxlends a ilnraded shank l7, 'r-he latter being formed so as iolie williin he hollow inlerior o'l' flu elumuni' 3). in the pru wnt lllslauro. 1hr interior of ihe (lenient fl is l fll'lllfii'l lo iurludo spaced vertical. walls 18, one of which is provided with an opening l'or ibo reropiion oi Hi0 lioss iii. Whilo ho lllii wall is provided with a. (lirfiaded opening 19 for tho rcrepl'vion of he Sililllli l7 lly lliis ronsirnrl'ion it. will ho manifest l'lial' ii serum mounting s lo be had for he elo- :nvnl? fl and one u;

llie ohambor By the provision of tho '2 the inclusion of lhe element 9,- it is possiapex inward or away from the discharge end o'l hhe injector 5, a feature which enables the vapr. 'ized element to be so situated as to ongage the, center of the fuel stream and lo li'lfi y insin'e a oouiplote spreading of the fuel o in 'luho full area of the -vaporized elo- Inonl. "lflie for aril end of die vaporizing oloinonl; is provid d with a [)yl'lllllldill porlion 20, which is adapt-ed to receive an ad justin g wrench. which may be readily posii'ioneo. Wiihin tho opening 8 lo facilitate tho adjustment of the element 9. Onev end of the arm member if: is provided with a. (rank portion 21, which is adapted to rereive the inner end of the lmi zitudinally extending rod 22, the lat-leibeing so mounted as to project through an opening 23 formed in ihe "all 1, and has its outer end equipped Willi a crosspin 9A. lly grasping the outer and $24 of the rod, the latter may be longitudinally reriprooalied, thereby causing the aofixation, oflhe crank portion, 21 of the arm inen'ihen a foal uro which onal'iles the vaporiVed element to be swung into or out of active positions. l l h-ile the rod 22 is pulled outwardly, the yaporizing element 9 will be swung about. ils pivot so as to lie within "the inferior-10 of the furnace, whereby said element may be subjected to the heat of -the fiilrnare and to have il s leinporal are rapidly inoreasiwl until a working: iemperalure is reached, whereupon the rod 22 is pushed inwardly. "forcing the -vapoiizzingg element inl'o ii's working" position within the chamber (3. and to permit ihe same to be arlivoly used in its oa iacilt-y for-breaking up and 'vaporizing the fuel, stream passing: from the injector ll hon lheyaporising element" is posil'ioned inwardly of the furnace. tho

1 ehaniher (i will be uninterrupted. poi-milling a clear llow of the uel through the apparatus l, a feature which enables the 'l'urnaro to be roadily slurred ln order 'to enable think heavy fuel to be utilized the injecl'or 5 is ofspecial design, andl'he same consisls in tho simple iorm shown in Figure l, of a pair of inne and outer casings 25 and 26 respectively. the inner easing eonimunir-aling with a source of fuel supply 2?. while [he casing 26 oommunirates with a sourre of compressed air supply 2:8. one end oi l'lH easing 25 iorniinaies in a nozzle 29. through which fuel passage conlrolleil liy moans o l 21 nrrdlo valve 3 i the latter passing: longitudinally'tlirough the burner. ll will be manifest lhal upon actuating the valve 30, fuel will be permitted lo pass through the nozzle structure 525) and will be entrained within the moving liody'oi' a ir passing through the casing- 26 and out of tho dis hargo orifice 3i. ln order to preheal' the air before the latter is 0on1-- mingled with the oil. supply, the pipe 28,

constituting the source of air supply, termimiles in a lateral branch which enters the annular-air chamber 7 provided in the casing 4, thus bringing the air into direct con tact with the heated wall of the chamber 6, a feature in construction which materially raises the temperature of the compressed air before the latter is commingled with the oil ejected from the nozzle 2!). Dividing plates 3 are situated Within the chamber 7 so that the air entering the chamber will be spread in two directions and hence passed around the wall of the chamber 6 in opposed streams, so that the greater body of the air will be subjected to the temperature and. heat of the easi 11;: Leading from the chamber 7 is an outlet pipe 34, which leads over to the interior of the casing 26, thus permitting the preheated air to surround and come into contact with the inner casing Inasmuch as the latter is of extended length, it Follows that the temperature of the oil contained therein will be materially elevated, thereby causing the oil to How more freely, to prevent stoppage of the same within the nozzle 29, and to enable low grade fuels to be utilized. Also, it has been found that by preheating the fuel, the action of the vaporizing element 9 is rendered more positive and efilcient.

To further aid in the combustion of the fuel within the chamber 6, the wall of the latter contiguous to the furna e 10, is provided with a circular array of ports 35, which bear a certain restricted 'atio to the area of thelateral inlet pipe 32. By the provision of these small ports 35, a restricted quantity of the preheated air is permitted to pass directly into the chamber 6, without being continued through the burner structure, in order that the air may readily combine with the vaporized fuel, to

secure perfect combustion, and to eliminate or minimize greatly the presence oi smoke or unburned fuel.

l rom'the foregoing description, it will he manifest that an oil burning apparatus of a simple and eliicicnt nature is provided by the present invention. The apparatus is suhstantially automatic in operation and necessitates but a minimum of manual con-' trol and adjustment. the construction described. low grade fuel may be freely utilized, in order that bv the provision of the apparatus, ecoum'nical fuels may he consumed. it is therefore, by the combined efforts of the vaporizing element 9. the air preheating mechanism and the peculiar type of burner or mixer structure that an apparatus is provided capable of burning fuels or" the character related. In the modification disclosed in ll igure l. the hurnei apparatus consists of a casing 40, which is formed to include the funnel shaped. vaporizing compartment 41, the air preheating In common with the preferred form, the

smaller end ol the vaporizingcompartment 1 is situated in communication with the dis charge end of the injector 43, and the vaporizingz element 44 is arranged to be mounted, as alcove related. longitudinally within the vaporizing coml'iartmen't. This vaporizing element is substantially the same in con struction as the element 5) but dill'ers from the latter in that the longitudinal adjustment is omitted. To support the element 44, the some is provided with radial arms 45, which may be secured at their outer ends in any suitable manner to the inner end of the casing 40. It will be observed that the base end of the element 44 is situated so as to project into the interior of the furnzr-e, for the purpose of facilitating the heating of the element and to thereby render its operation more positive and etlicient. It will be appreciatedthat fuel is dischargedas before mentioned. from the injector 4-3, and is deposited upon the stepped or uneven surfaces of the element 44. in order that the fuel will be subjected to the heat of said element and thereby broken up into lighter. more volatile orvaporized particlesi So vaporized, the fuel will more readily commingle with the incomin air to produce a mixture of high combustibility.

The in ect-or 43 is capable of using both liquids. powdered and gaseous fuels, and to this end said injector is formed to comprise a two-part casing, one part being designated by the numeral 46 and the other bv the numeral 47, both parts however being-iiniled by means of threads or their equivalents-4:8.

1 150, the inner part 47 is provided at one end with a. launch by means of which the same may be bolted or otherwise suitalily secured to the wall 50 of the furnace setting}. and to be positioned in alignmen with the entrance to the vaporizing coinpav merit 41. A. liquid or pulverized fuel pipe 51 is arranged to enter the outer part 46 through an opening or pocket 52 provided therein, said pocket communicating with an elongated tube 53 extending longitudinally through the mixer. The end of this tube 53 is provided with a nozzle 54. and the flow of fuel from the tube 53, into the nozzle 534;

is controlled by means of a needle valve orits equivalent 55. The pipe-51 is provided with a hand controlled valve 56 by means of Which the supply of fuel to the mixer. may be readily controlled. When it is desired to employ a gaseous'fuel, apipe 57 is utilized through which gas is permitted to travel,

. lsaid chamber being, in turn, provided with lg ace l a plurality of circularly arranged ports or jets (it), through which the gas stream is pcrn'iitted to pass into the casing part 47 and hence into the vaporizing compar ment 4-1.

To supply this fuel with suitable quantities of compressed air, an air supply pipe (31 is utilized. This pipe is provided with a manually controlled valve 2 and terminates in the extension 63 which leads into the air preheatinp compartment provided in the casing 44). lly the opening of the valve 62 air will be permitted to flow under pressure through and around the compartment 42 so as to be subjected to the heat of the annular wall of the compartment 41. When heated, the air is permitted to pass from the compartment 42 by way of the pipe 64, which terminates within the mixer casing, 46 so as to pass longitudinally through the mixer, thereby coming into contact with the tube 53 in order to heat the fuel passing through said tube. The compressed air then passes through the nozzle (35 formed by restricting the end of the. casing part i7, causing fuel from the noazle 54 to be entrained therein and conducted forwardly into the vaporizing compartment al. The combined air and fuel is then subjected to the mixing action of the casing 40, and to the vaporizing action of the element 44, in order that ellicient combustion may be procured. Also, the air compartment has its inner end providedwith small ports 66, which serve to allows, secondary quantity of air to pass directly into the vaporizing compartment from the source of air supply, a feature which greatly facilitates and promotes ellicient combustion, and the absence 0t" smoke.

In the event of the tube 53 becoming: overheated, the temperature thereof may be lowered by closing the valve 62, and by opening a. valve 67 provided in a shunt pipe (58 which leads from the air pipe 61 to the pipe 64, or the valves (32 and 67 may be partially opened, permitting the temperature of the air within the mixer to be regulated at will. l y the provision of the shunt pipe 6 premature combustion of the fuel within the mixer isprcvented. it will be understood that the needle valve may be operated by means otthe exteriorly located hand wheel 0". The form of the invention just described is advantageous in many respects over the preferred form, in that the casing, 40 may he more economically constructed, the same consisting: essentially of but two cast parts. Also, the more or less fragile parts provided for etlecting the adjustment of the vaporizing element are omitted. Again, the mixer 43 is so constructed as to permit both gaseous and liquid fuels to be utilized, and to heat such fuels before the same are admitted to the vaporizing compertinent l1, and to provide means, in the nature of a shunt pipe 68, whereby the teraperature of the mixer may be maintained within desirable bounds.

In Figure 5, the modification shown cen ters chiefly about the construction of the vaporizing element, as it is only in this respect that the term disclosed differs from the preceding forms n'eviously described. In Figure 5, it will be noted that the vaporizing element, designated generally by the. numeral St), consists of a plate 81, which is hinged at its forward end as at 82 within the vaporizing compartment 83, the plate being of such construction as to enable the same to be swung so that the same will be out of the path of the fuel stream passing through the compartments, or may be raised to various. angular positions so that the same'will. obstruct or partially obstruct the flow of the fuel stream through the compartment. This adjustment of the plate 81 is effected by the provision of a lever 84, which is pivoted as at 85 upon the inner wall of the apparatus casing 86. The lever is provided at one end with the crank extrem- .ity is? to which is pivotally connected an actuating rod 88. This rod extends through an opening 89 provided in the furnace setting 90, and the forward end of the rod is provided with notches 91., which are adapted to be selectively positioned upon the upper edgeot a fixed plate 92. by means of which notches and plate, the adjustment of the 'aporized element may be regulated. it will be noted that the plate 81 is provided with a serrated or stepped face 93 for the purpose of arresting the fuel stream and to eti'ect its more complete vaporization. The casing 86 is provided with an air pre' heating chamber 9-} and the apparatus as a whole may be utilized in connection with any suitable type of mixer or burner structure. By actuating the rod 88, it will be manifest that the crank 87 may be raised. or lowered to permit. of corresponding movement on the part of the plate 81. in order that desired positions of actuation of the plate may be secured. The. inner end of the plate 95 projects into the furnace a suitable distance, in common with the forms previously described, in orderthat this inner end 595 may be subjected to the heat within-the furnace and thereby be capable of having a higher operating ten'iperatu-re than devices which lie wholly within the vaporizing, chamber.

The modification disclosed in Figure 6 illustrates a very simple form of the combustion apparatus (which is made in one casting and) wherein the apparatus is formed to include the usual casing 100, which is provided with a vaporizing chamher 101 and an air preheating chamber 102. The casing as a whole is adapted to be mounted within the setting of a furnace mamas wall in the mzmucr described zn'ui shown for the pz'ciiously mentiouciil forms oi the 1uvcniion, and wicii which air ani'i fuel pipes are associated in the n'iannc-i' li csl'illbed. As in flu modilhtulion iisi-lo mi in i igurc f ihc present modification as only from tho preferred form of ilic invcution in the form of ihe vaporizing clement In Figurc 6 the vaporizing cicruc'oi consists of 21 pinz'ulity ofv vcriicaliy arranged yarsllci hurs 103, which are suhslsntisliy (liamoncl shaped in cross section and are formed, to includc forward nozzle opciiings 10% and flaring (lischsrgc openings It will be umnifcst that the "luol stream forced into tho chiimhcr 101 will he directed into the comics 12.94, coming into concoct with tho i r g surfaces of ihc bars 103., Since so hsrs positioned ccniiguous to the i mace end. 03" the casing, i follows that the. some i cfl'sio relatively high tempers'curcs, fcs r uses the fuel sirccro to he recoi wporizccl and to more readily combine ihc oxygen associated chcrci iith. It 2 iii he notcd that the bars o 103, in common with the, other vaporizing elements, project into the furnace, in order that the same may receives the benefit of the furnscc heat and to possess a relatively high 'opcrswing t'ezgpcraturc. I From the forms of the invention describcd,

it will observed has by the construction ihcz'cofi the preheated air is pcrmittcd to heat ancl this tho oii eniicring the humor or mixer sivructurcs, csusing oil to flovvp more freely through ihc vsivcs of such struccurcs.

and to pcrmii low grsclc fuel to he utilized.

T air also cools the vaporizing chambers which are likely to become ovcrhcuicd and saves heat energy which clue. to the high temperatures, Wouicl bc iosi ordinarily through the sides and bop of ill furnacs. It

will be ohscrvctl that when the uel sncrs tho i'oporizing comparimcniis, thc some impinges upon ighc viu'ioriziiig conc by engaging witli the sicps, lows crouzucl tho stops and colors the grooves in the latter The 'l'uci is i'zhcn carried out of these longitudinal grooves by the iorcs oi ,chc air into tho ircclually hotter Zone, Where it. is pcrmiitcii iii-st to gosify and to than reach kindling ,tcmpcrstif rc or combustion zone, at which point coili bustion begins it will. .hc hobs? in all the forms of the invention that ihc vaporiziug clement protrudes out into fhe heated chamber of the furnace, and there becomes quici'riy than by ordinary consiructiou. lrcfwahly, the end of the mporizizm clement xlOJi'llfllfig into thc furnace chamber is cost cavier hon the remaining portions of the vaporizer in orcicr to Withstand the rclativel y high temperatures to which if, is subjected.

Preferably, the vaporizing cone is adjust chic in and out by means of a small socket wrench, which fits over the square 0nd of the cone, or in the screw driver slot. By the iuljusmricut oi the colic, it is possible to locate the some in suit various conditions und pressures of ihc oil and air. In the preferred form of the invention, this cone can also be hinged, as shown, so that itcan he swung oua in tho furnacc' in order to thereby permit of 21 clear view in thc furnace, and, also, to f'sciiiiatc starting a cold furnace, as the entire cone will become heated when swung into the furnace, then when it is moved back, after being heated, the same will be ready for immediate, chamber combusiiou. The adjustable or fixed vaporizing cone produces an uneven surface upon which the incomin 1 fuel impinges and which causes the fuel an air to he churned about, gasificrl and completely mixed-with the incoming air and burned in this high temperature combustion chamber, ducprimsrily to being retained hctwccn thc vaporizing cone and the outer wall of the vaporizing chamber. By reason of? comhusfcion therein, the chamber obtains very hlgli tcmpsra'curc, sufiicicn't to gssify and burn very thick low grade, cheap, hcav and viscous fuels. The apparatus is pro-- crahly construciccl from Ill ChlOiflQ cast metal, and can cc used in either a horizontal, vertical or angularpcsition. It will be observed that combustion takes place withinthe apparatus instead ofsgsinst the back Wcils of ihc furnacc. This greatly prolongs the life of the brick work iuihe furnace as well as the furnace itself,

While the foregoing (iesci'iption spocificsllyscts forth whz'it are now believed to be the bestmocilcs of applying che principles of the invention, yet it should he understood chat said description does not ncccssariiy measure, the invention" except ills latter i (lcfincci by ills following claims.

l'imt is laimed is:

1. In mcchanism of the class describwh the combination with a. fuel and air inject/or. of u. comhusiioh supporting apparatus comprising casing arranged to ho positioncil within so. opening provided in the Wallof a furnace scitiug; said casing being pro vidcal with a. vaporizing'chamhcr situabcd to receive the fuel stream (li schargco from said mixer, u vaporizing clement positioned Wiiill in said chamber and subjectto the internal heat of the furnace, suicl element being positioned so as to intercept the fuel stream pass. in; into the chamber from said mixer, and a handle located oucsiclothe furnace and connccled to ills vaporizing element for moving ll.

2. in mechanism of i-l'lQ cluss closerline-d. 21 fuel and air injector, e combu oion support" mg apparatus arranged to be positioned within u well of u. urnnce selling, said apparatus being provided Willi Jun inwurdly flaring vaporizing and combustion cltuunher, a substantially conical vaporizing clement arranged to be situated wichin suiol chamber so as to intercept seid fuel stream, the outer surface of said element roi .eued lo present surfaces occupying varying; planes,

3. ln nieclieniszu of the described, the corn'oinelion Wibll a fuel end sir iuujecor n combustion supnorsin: apparatus urrenged to be sealed with; L e Wall of u furnace, said apparatus being formed to include a longitudinally disposed chamber capable of establishing communication between said injector and the interior of said furnace, a vaporizing element of substantially conical form positioned Within seid clnuub-er so as to intercept the fuel stream discharged from said-mixer, and said element being "formed to include a stepped uneven surface and a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves.

i. in mechanism of the class dessrihed, a. fuel injector, a casing arranged to be posh tioncdi Within a Wall of furnace setting, said casing being PIOVll'lCCl with. n longiludinally extending chamber capable of establishingcommunication between said mixer and the interior of said furnace, the inner wells of said chamber being formed to present plurality of longitudinally oral/ending grooves, a substuntially conical vuporizing element situated longitudinall within said chamber, the apex end of said element being disposed toward said mixer, the oose end of said element being situated so as to entend within said furnace and a. plurality of uneven surfaces provided upon the outer part of said QlQlIlBIIlZ, seicl surfaces being intercepted by u plurality of longitudinally extending grooves.

' ln apparatus or" the class described, o casing; arranged to be positioned wilzlii'uun opening formed in the wall of u furnace setting, said casing being of holler construe tion and provided with an inner Wull said all serving'to define :1 vaporizing and cornbustion chamber and an uir preheating chamber, intermediate walls connecting i'he inncr and outer Walls of said pro-heating chamber u fuel injector, {ll} air pipe leading inlvo said air preheating chamber, and u sec ond pipe leading;- from said chamber and c i'endinglo said. fuel mixer.

G; in mechanism of The class described. in

combination, a fuel injector. said injector in- V sing of boll and inoluailing an inner serves to define 2i combustion chamber uir preheuiing chamber said 8MB 1 clninibcr licii subjected "no the. iii-- *nul heat oi the furnace a source of air 5 into lhc lower purl o'li suid uir prep chamber, and u conduit loading; from top of suil. air preheating chamber to the air cliuzubcr of said iuicclor.

I "4'. In mechanism oi the class described, in combiner-min :l ucl .iujeclor,v ev cu illrunncd lo isiiioned within the well of u furnn ife sctlu and located subslzdaily in alignment "with said fuel injector. said casing being; formed in include cci'itrully disposed well, she letter serving to define the. centrally disposed longitiuiinally extending combustion chamber and u surrounding air preheating: chamber; a source of air' supply cniering said air prclieul'iug cluunher, u conduit leading from said air chamber and exlending lo said fuel injector to efi'ect Elie preheating; lliefuel oi? the latter prior its Xpulsion, and said inner well being pro vided will) openings permitting er restricted sir flow i our su :l'eir ell-ember ii the in nor end of said combustion chamber.

8. ln apparatus oi class described, :2 casing arranged to he sent-ed within the Well of a, furnace selling, said casing being formed to include 2: longitudinally extending chamber, lhe latter arching to establish communication between :i fuel iniecizor si'luate-d exteriorly oi? the furnace and the inlerior of said furnace, n. vaporizing element situated within said coinperiiment, rho Well of said cluunber being roughened to provide uneven sur'fuecs capable 0? receiving 2. portion of the fuel ejected from said mixer.

l'n mechanism of the class described, e fuel Lind sir mixer e combustion supporting appoint-us arranged to be positioned in a Willi oi? the furnace setting, said apparatus being provided with n longitudinally extendcornhust-ion chamber, 5 substantially conical vaporizing; :irranned to be sil'iurtcd within said cluuu'bcr so as in intercent the fuel stream of said mixer, and a,

plurality of curved urrns extending from said vaporizer to lilie well oi said chamber,

said arms being situated within the interior of sand urn-(ice and arranged to deflect a portion of lhe burning fuel discharged from said uppurutus coward and in engagement with said vuporizer.

' in testimony whcrcof l allix signulure.

Ice 

